The Paradox of Confinement and Freedom in a Dolls House...

In the texts, A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen and Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel, Nora Helmer and Tita (Josefita) are subject to the paradox of confinement and freedom. Tita is restricted to the ranch and kitchen, and Nora to the house. Concurrently, in the seclusion of the kitchen, Tita is liberated from Mama Elenas control, has freedom of self-expression through cooking, and can openly express her feelings. Josefita is a skilled cook with mystical abilities, and also has some freedom and control in the household. Both characters are victims of role-play. Tita has the role of housewife and Nora is a mother, wife, and dependent. Nora finds freedom in her debt, which gives her a sense of authority and control. The†¦show more content†¦Her seclusion due to the family curse and domination by Mama Elena is responsible for slowing the development of her identity. When freed from the ranch by John Brown, Josefitas hands are symbolic of her lack of identity. Esquiv el demonstrates this point very clearly using the symbolism of Titas hands, as shown in the following quotation, ‘At her mothers, what she had to do with her hands was strictly determined, no questions asked. (Esquivel p98) and ‘...now, seeing her hands no longer at her mothers command, she didnt know what to ask them to do, she had never decided for herself before.(Esquivel p99). The household is a microcosm of the outside Mexican Revolution. Tita is a rebellious soladera, and Mama Elena is her ‘upper-class oppressor that limits her status. Both are constantly in conflict, challenging each others authority. Tita controls the food, which, through smell, shape, taste and colour provokes emotions, such as lust, sickness, pregnancy and motherhood. With this position, she is linked to everyone elses lives and has certain ‘powers. The recipes are more than just formulas, buried within them are memories (Mackenzie E. Dennard). In Like Water for Chocolate, magic realism takes the shape of the power that Titas recipes have for magically communicating her feelings and passions (Dr Wally Woods). For instance, her dish of Quails in Rose Petal Sauce

Deception Point Page 110 Free Essays

Sexton had no idea what the man was talking about. The reporter handed him the photocopies. Sexton looked at the pages-and for a moment, his mind went totally blank. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 110 or any similar topic only for you Order Now No words came. He was staring at unfamiliar photographs. Black-and-white images. Two people. Naked. Arms and legs intertwined. For an instant, Sexton had no idea what he was looking at. Then it registered. A cannonball to the gut. In horror, Sexton’s head snapped up to the crowd. They were laughing now. Half of them were already phoning in the story to their news desks. Sexton felt a tap on his shoulder. In a daze, he wheeled. Rachel was standing there. â€Å"We tried to stop you,† she said. â€Å"We gave you every chance.† A woman stood beside her. Sexton was trembling as his eyes moved to the woman at Rachel’s side. She was the reporter in the cashmere coat and mohair beret-the woman who had knocked over his envelopes. Sexton saw her face, and his blood turned to ice. Gabrielle’s dark eyes seemed to bore right through him as she reached down and opened her coat to reveal a stack of white envelopes tucked neatly beneath her arm. 132 The Oval Office was dark, lit only by the soft glow of the brass lamp on President Herney’s desk. Gabrielle Ashe held her chin high as she stood before the President. Outside the window behind him, dusk was gathering on the west lawn. â€Å"I hear you’re leaving us,† Herney said, sounding disappointed. Gabrielle nodded. Although the President had graciously offered her indefinite sanctuary inside the White House away from the press, Gabrielle preferred not to ride out this particular storm by hiding out in the eye. She wanted to be as far away as possible. At least for a while. Herney gazed across his desk at her, looking impressed. â€Å"The choice you made this morning, Gabrielle†¦ † He paused, as if at a loss for words. His eyes were simple and clear-nothing compared to the deep, enigmatic pools that had once drawn Gabrielle to Sedgewick Sexton. And yet, even in the backdrop of this powerful place, Gabrielle saw true kindness in his gaze, an honor and dignity she would not soon forget. â€Å"I did it for me, too,† Gabrielle finally said. Herney nodded. â€Å"I owe you my thanks all the same.† He stood, motioning for her to follow him into the hall. â€Å"I was actually hoping you’d stick around long enough that I could offer you a post on my budgeting staff.† Gabrielle gave him a dubious look. â€Å"Stop spending and start mending?† He chuckled. â€Å"Something like that.† â€Å"I think we both know, sir, that I’m more of a liability to you at the moment than an asset.† Herney shrugged. â€Å"Give it a few months. It will all blow over. Plenty of great men and women have endured similar situations and gone on to greatness.† He winked. â€Å"A few of them were even U.S. presidents.† Gabrielle knew he was right. Unemployed for only hours, Gabrielle had already turned down two other job offers today-one from Yolanda Cole at ABC, and the other from St. Martin’s Press, who had offered her an obscene advance if she would publish a tell-all biography. No thanks. As Gabrielle and the President moved down the hallway, Gabrielle thought of the pictures of herself that were now being splashed across televisions. The damage to the country could have been worse, she told herself. Much worse. Gabrielle, after going to ABC to retrieve the photos and borrow Yolanda Cole’s press pass, had snuck back to Sexton’s office to assemble the duplicate envelopes. While inside, she had also printed copies of the donation checks in Sexton’s computer. After the confrontation at the Washington Monument, Gabrielle had handed copies of the checks to the dumbstruck Senator Sexton and made her demands. Give the President a chance to announce his meteorite mistake, or the rest of this data goes public too. Senator Sexton took one look at the stack of financial evidence, locked himself in his limousine, and drove off. He had not been heard from since. Now, as the President and Gabrielle arrived at the backstage door of the Briefing Room, Gabrielle could hear the waiting throngs beyond. For the second time in twenty-four hours, the world was assembled to hear a special presidential broadcast. â€Å"What are you going to tell them?† Gabrielle asked. Herney sighed, his expression remarkably calm. â€Å"Over the years, I’ve learned one thing over and over†¦ † He put a hand on her shoulder and smiled. â€Å"There’s just no substitute for the truth.† Gabrielle was filled with an unexpected pride as she watched him stride toward the stage. Zach Herney was on his way to admit the biggest mistake of his life, and oddly, he had never looked more presidential. 133 When Rachel awoke, the room was dark. A clock glowed 10:14 P.M. The bed was not her own. For several moments, she lay motionless, wondering where she was. Slowly, it all started coming back†¦ the megaplume†¦ this morning at the Washington Monument†¦ the President’s invitation to stay at the White House. I’m at the White House, Rachel realized. I slept here all day. The Coast Guard chopper, at the President’s command, had transported an exhausted Michael Tolland, Corky Marlinson, and Rachel Sexton from the Washington Monument to the White House, where they had been fed a sumptuous breakfast, been seen to by doctors, and been offered any of the building’s fourteen bedrooms in which to recuperate. All of them had accepted. Rachel could not believe she had slept this long. Turning on the television, she was stunned to see that President Herney had already completed his press conference. Rachel and the others had offered to stand beside him when he announced the meteorite disappointment to the world. We all made the mistake together. But Herney had insisted on shouldering the burden alone. â€Å"Sadly,† one political analyst on TV was saying, â€Å"it seems NASA has discovered no signs of life from space after all. This marks the second time this decade that NASA has incorrectly classified a meteorite as showing signs of extraterrestrial life. This time, however, a number of highly respected civilians were also among those fooled.† â€Å"Normally,† a second analyst chimed in, â€Å"I would have to say that a deception of the magnitude the President described this evening would be devastating for his career†¦ and yet, considering the developments this morning at the Washington Monument, I would have to say Zach Herney’s chances of taking the presidency look better than ever.† The first analyst nodded. â€Å"So, no life in space, but no life in Senator Sexton’s campaign either. And now, as new information surfaces suggesting deep financial troubles plaguing the senator-â€Å" A knock on the door drew Rachel’s attention. Michael, she hoped, quickly turning off the television. She hadn’t seen him since breakfast. On their arrival at the White House, Rachel had wanted nothing more than to fall asleep in his arms. Although she could tell Michael felt the same, Corky had intervened, parking himself on Tolland’s bed and exuberantly telling and retelling his story about urinating on himself and saving the day. Finally, utterly exhausted, Rachel and Tolland had given up, heading for separate bedrooms to sleep. Now, walking toward the door, Rachel checked herself in the mirror, amused to see how ridiculously she was dressed. All she had found to wear to bed was an old Penn State football jersey in the dresser. It draped down to her knees like a nightshirt. The knocking continued. Rachel opened the door, disappointed to see a female U.S. Secret Service agent. She was fit and cute, wearing a blue blazer. â€Å"Ms. Sexton, the gentleman in the Lincoln Bedroom heard your television. He asked me to tell you that as long as you’re already awake†¦ † She paused, arching her eyebrows, clearly no stranger to night games on the upper floors of the White House. How to cite Deception Point Page 110, Essay examples

International Business for PetroChina and Huawei- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Business for PetroChina and Huawei. Answer: Introduction The topic discusses the importance of various leadership styles that can reflect the culture and performance of an organisation and allow for overcoming the challenges of contemporary management within the business organisations in China effectively. Leadership is an essential aspect of business, which not only drives the behaviours of individuals working within the organisations but also makes them motivated to perform to their potential and bring out the desired positive outcomes with ease and effectiveness. Leadership helps in motivating the workforce to perform better as well as build a good relationship with the employees of the organisation and make them committed to their work. Leadership styles promote effective communication among the team members and manage the extraction of the best quality of performances from the team members, thereby driving their performances primarily and contributing to the organisational efficiency (Ball et al., 2012). The two organisations that hav e chosen here as the case study are Huawei and PetroChina, both of which follow effective styles of leadership to reflect the culture and performance of the organisation as well as prevent the occurrence of issues and challenges faced by the contemporary business management. Different leadership styles Different leadership styles are followed by the business organisations PetroChina and Huawei in China to reflect the culture and performances of the workers and ensure that the challenges in contemporary management are overcome along with gaining better productivity (huawei.com, 2017). The autocratic leadership style enables the leader to make decisions without considering the responses and opinions of workers of the organisation. The leaders make their own decisions, as they remain confident about the business operations and strategic plans (Bhatti et al., 2012). This kind of leader possesses less creativity due to lack of contemporary styles of management and do not involve the employees while making any decisions in business. The participative style of leadership, also known as the democratic leadership style can enable the management to provide help and support to the team members during the time of acceptance of inputs from the staff members. These kinds of leaders play major roles in motivating and encouraging the employees by encouraging feedbacks, ideas, opinions and suggestions from them before making any final decision (Busch et al., 2013). The participative leaders are more creative and create a content workforce where all the inputs made by individuals are considered while making a good decision in business. These are the two major styles of leadership though there are two other leadership styles including the delegative and corporate culture leadership styles. The delegative leadership style, also known as the laissez faire leadership style enables the leaders to make decisions very rarely and the role is rather passed on to the group members (Cavusgil et al., 2014). The team members are not provided with any guidance or support, which further creates issues while making decisions and lack of motivation and encouragement of team members. The different styles of leadership can create probable impacts on the culture because it is the workers who follow the ways by which leaders act to accomplish the organisational goals and objectives (Folsom et al., 2012). Leadership also promotes encouragement of team members and allow them to perform to their potential, thereby contributing largely to the company. By maintaining good leadership style, a good culture can be created that can further result in managing business operations properly as well as bring out positive outcomes in an effective manner too (Griffin Pustay, 2012). Leadership style in PetroChina PetroChina Company Limited develops the Codes of Ethics according to the Chinese law, rules and regulations following the supervisory requirements of the locations where the company has been listed. This is done to standardise the professional conduct and has been applied to all the workers of the organisation including the leaders, employees and the other staffs within the organisation. This would not only protect the interest of the company but would also help in managing the workforce properly, thereby bringing out the best from the employees to accomplish the goals and objectives efficiently (huawei.com, 2017). The autocratic style of leadership has been followed by the organisation, and it is mainly applied during the time of decision making at a higher level without any need to consult or gain the opinions of other team members. The autocratic leadership style maintained within PetroChina has enabled the manager or leader to decide what is best own self and provide instruction to others rather than considering their ideas and opinions (Li Sun, 2015). The autocratic leadership style is effective for the oil and gas industries in China because it is concerned with the management of safety related to adhering to the Minimum Industry Safety Standard that has been applied to the overall oil and gas sector. The MIST standards are needed to be fulfilled and are known to the leaders of the organisation. The autocratic leadership style will allow the leader to instruct the employees about the MIST standards and fulfill those for the assessment of risks, manage manual handling, maintain safety at work and even work at high altitudes or lift things that are quite heavy in a safe manner (Petrochina.com, 2017). The employers could assess all these safety policies for maintaining safe working conditions and ensure that positive business outcomes are derived. The Offshore Installations Manager of PetroChina, who performs his roles and responsibilities by maintaining safety and well-being of workers, plays the major leadership role (Rast, Hogg Giessner, 2013). The workers based on the nature of work have followed the instructions provided by the leader and have managed to complete their safety training programs as well. By maintaining safety, a healthy culture has been created, which has allowed the individuals working within the organisation to perform better effectively (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). Leadership style at Huawei Huawei is a telecommunication equipments company with its headquarters in China. The company has followed the democratic or participative leadership style to engage the employees and consider their ideas and opinions before making any particular decision in business. Various matters are clarified by managing discussions and consultations that further can help in creating a positive mindset among the employees and make them understand that they are valued by the organization (Zhang et al., 2015). The democratic leadership style can help in motivating the workers and influence their performances by making them perform to their potential and then make a proper decision for the benefit of business. The team members have different ideas, opinions and information that can help to make an appropriate decision (Ball et al., 2012). For example, an employee possessing relevant knowledge can inform the leader about something and how can it benefit the organisation through enhancement of product ion level and creation of a better culture. This would also create better opportunities to assess the potential risks and create a hierarchical structure for improving the efficiency of the decision-making process (Bhatti et al., 2012). Alternative leadership styles to overcome the challenges of contemporary management Few of the major challenges of contemporary management include lack of ability to develop relevant skills and knowledge such as management of proper time, strategic thinking and decision-making abilities to enhance the efficiency of the organisation. Other contemporary management issues include challenges to motivate and encourage others, develop the skills of employees, challenges of developing a proper team consisting of skilled team members and managing changes by handling the reactions of employees to change (Busch et al., 2013). For PetroChina, the alternative style of leadership could be the transformational leadership style. This leadership style helps to go beyond the task requirements as well as enable the leaders to go beyond boundaries and change the way organisation operates. The major factors for influencing the transformational leadership style are promoting the vision, mission statement and values to the members, encouraging the employees to remain creative, gain the trust and loyalty of workers and manage individualised consideration by rewarding them for their performance and dedication (Griffin Pustay, 2012). The leader of PetroChina has followed the transformational leadership style to keep up with the latest technologies and compete in the present market with ease and effectiveness. The use of internet has helped PetroChina to increase the global economy by entering new global markets and manage the shift in demographics for managing changes and improvements too (Li Sun, 2015). This leadersh ip style has helped in considering the new policies and fulfills the changing needs and requirements of customers from time to time and furthermore make information and choices available for the workforce. This leadership style within PetroChina has enhanced the level of motivation and engagement of workers, thereby directed their behaviours towards a shared vision effectively as well (Petrochina.com, 2017). As an alternative, leaders of Huawei can follow the transactional leadership style to focus on the supervision of employees and enhance the organisational performance by promoting compliance by the workers through rewards and punishments. This would overcome the challenges of lack of ability to make decisions and lead a team. The transactional leadership within Huawei could help by providing monetary and non-monetary rewards to the employees for their better performances and even punish them in case they have failed to live up to the expectations of the company (Rast, Hogg Giessner, 2013). The challenges can be overcome by setting goals and timelines at first, delegate more, enhance the unique value and gain clarity regarding the roles and responsibilities. This would help the leader to guide the employees in the right direction and make them understand their roles properly to achieve the organisational goals and objectives with ease through promoting of a better culture and enhance d performances (huawei.com, 2017). Conclusion The essay discussed the various styles of leadership followed by the business organisations in China named PetroChina and Huawei. The different styles of leaderships were discussed here along with the best leadership styles followed by these two companies to overcome the challenges of contemporary management in business. The autocratic and democratic leadership styles had been followed by the organisations to create a good culture and provide better scopes for employees to improve their performances and enhance the production level. The alternative leadership styles that could be followed by these two companies for promoting a healthy work culture had been transformational and transactional leadership styles. References Ball, D., Geringer, M., Minor, M., McNett, J. (2012).International business. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G. M., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M. A., Shaikh, F. M. (2012). The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership style on job satisfaction.International Business Research,5(2), 192. Busch, R., Busch, R., McMahon, R., Unger, A., May, C., Wang, Y. C. (2013). A Comparison of Leadership Styles between Chinese and German Managers of Chinese Companies in Germany.Chinese Management Review,16(2), 1-17. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Folsom, R. H., Gordon, M. W., Spanogle, J. A., Fitzgerald, P. L., Van Alstine, M. P. (2012).International business transactions: a problem-oriented coursebook. ThomsonReuters. Griffin, R. W., Pustay, M. W. (2012).International business. Pearson Higher Ed. huawei.com (2017). huawei. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.huawei.com Li, Y., Sun, J. M. (2015). Traditional Chinese leadership and employee voice behavior: A cross-level examination.The Leadership Quarterly,26(2), 172-189. Petrochina.com. (2017). Petrochina.com. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.petrochina.com Rast III, D. E., Hogg, M. A., Giessner, S. R. (2013). Self-uncertainty and support for autocratic leadership.Self and Identity,12(6), 635-649. Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited. Zhang, J., Ahammad, M. F., Tarba, S., Cooper, C. L., Glaister, K. W., Wang, J. (2015). The effect of leadership style on talent retention during merger and acquisition integration: Evidence from China.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(7), 1021-1050.

2061 A Space Odyssey Three Essays - Space Odyssey Series

2061 A Space Odyssey Three Essays - Space Odyssey Series 2061 A Space Odyssey Three Dr. Heywood Floyd was sitting in the space station Pasture when he saw Haleys comet and decided to actually land on the surface (by convincing Tsung Corporation that it would be good advertising). So off go Dr.Floyd, Dr.Chant, Clifford Greenberg and the Universes crew to Haleys comet. Dr.Rolf van der Berg was called to his office at 5:00 in the morning to find that on Europa There was a new mountain three times the size of Everest had appeared and that a thousand kilometers away from the mountain a monolith about five hundred kilometers wide and a thousand two hundred kilometers long. When Universe landed The passengers were allowed on to the surface but only if they had some body with them so that if something went wrong they could help each other out. Floyd found some caves and decided to investigate it but came back empty handed. After The universe dropped the passengers back off at the moon base the universe was assigned to go pick up a ship that had crash landed on Europa. Universe went to pick up the people when it was hijacked by Universes stewardess and was forced to land when Universe had landed The Hijacker killed her self by shooting herself in the head. after the ship had land the landing pads had sunk into the ground and the hijacker must have thought that they were stranded. After the event with the hijacker the crew decided to explore the mysterious mountain while picking up the survivors. When they got to the mountain they realized that it was in fact a diamond three times the size as Everett. Dr.Chant took some samples and picked up the survivors. When they were flying back they noticed some thing on the ground it was a small village but no body was there. The universe landed and looked around and found no one then Floyd saw David Bowman, David said The people here have fled to there waters and will be back once your poison has gone. and then he vanished. Floyd wondered about this for a moment and remembered that when an oxygen producing planet had been created it killed off all the other planets, and that was what there exhaust was or at least mostly. The universe left and headed home once again. Year: 3000 The Monolith that was discovered on the moon is sitting in a museum now just sitting there when suddenly something happened after 4 million years it reawakens!.

Quotes About Friends and Friendship

Quotes About Friends and Friendship Friendship is a rare and precious commodity. If you have a friend who truly understands you and accepts you despite your shortcomings, then you are the luckiest person in the world. Quotes About Friendship Here are some quotes about friendship and friends: Walter Winchell: newspaper/radio columnist/commentator ï » ¿A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. Anonymous To have a good friend is one of the highest delights in life; to be a good friend is one of the noblest and most difficult undertakings. Christi Mary Warner: singer/songwriter, poet A true friend is one who knows all about you and likes you anyway. Aristotle: Greek philosopher What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. Anonymous A friend hears the song in my heart and sings it to me when my memory fails. Bishop Fulton J. Sheen: Catholic bishop, TV commentator Every man rejoices twice when he has a partner in his joy. He who shares tears with us wipes them away. He divides them in two, and he who laughs with us makes the joy double. Jacques Delille: French poet Fate chooses our relatives, we choose our friends. Samuel Butler: English novelist, essayist Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. Anonymous Every time I hold you I begin to understand, that everything about you tells me youre my best friend. Proverb Advice from your friends is like the weather; some of it is good; some of it is bad. Orson Welles: American actor, writer, director Were born alone, we live alone, we die alone. Only through our love and friendship can we create the illusion for the moment that were not alone. Charles R. Swindoll: Christian pastor and authorI cannot even imagine where I would be today were it not for that handful of friends who have given me a heart full of joy. Lets face it, friends make life a lot more fun. Yolanda Hadid: Dutch-American television personalityI have learned that friendship isnt about who youve known the longest, its about who came and never left your side. Simon Sinek; British-American author, consultant The strong bond of friendship is not always a balanced equation; friendship is not always about giving and taking in equal shares. Instead, friendship is grounded in a feeling that you know exactly who will be there for you when you need something, no matter what or when. Khalil Gibran:Â  Lebanese-American writer, poet In the sweetness of friendship let there be laughter, and sharing of pleasures. For in the dew of little things the heart finds its morning and is refreshed. Ray Bradbury: American authorIf we listened to our intellect, wed never have a love affair. Wed never have a friendship. Wed never go into business, because wed be cynical. Well, thats nonsense. Youve got to jump off cliffs all the time and build your wings on the way down.

Illegal Immigration in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Illegal Immigration in America - Essay Example Therefore, this problem has not started in recent years. It has been there over the centuries. America is referred to as a land of opportunities and because of its generosity to immigrants, more and more immigrants want to live and reap the American dream. However, the issue becomes a problem due to many illegal immigrants into the country who have no documentation on how they entered into the country (Hanson et al.). Illegal immigration to America is a complex issue due to several factors. There have been attempts to control the population of illegal immigrants in the country but still, no answer. The number of aliens residing in the US is not precisely known, hence it has been a problem determining how large and widespread the problem is. It becomes a challenge because we cannot determine where to start while we know nothing about their whereabouts (Haugen and Musser 2011). Therefore, the complexity of this issue is one that needs close supervision so as to come up with new ideas on how this issue can be solved because it has proved that it is a problem on the American economy and the contemporary society. On a sociological perspective, note that sociology is the study of social change, social life and the social causes and consequences of human behavior; illegal immigration is one of the ills of the society today. The population of illegal immigrants grows over 500,000 people every year, which is exploited by criminals involved in smuggling illegal documents as well as trafficking aliens into the US borders. Furthermore, these aliens drain social services because of the conditions they live in, work and thus it becomes hard for them to abide by the law. Thus, they are prevalent to become under class and more so the source of social conflicts (Hanson et al.). Employment opportunities have deteriorated over time, which affects American citizens due to illegal immigrants. These aliens have led to competition for the available jobs with the American

The Educational Level of Leadership and Effectiveness of Thesis

The Educational Level of Leadership and Effectiveness of Organizational Change - Thesis Example In this regard, leaders responsible for planning and implementation of the change must be able to understand different factors of change and in situations where such an understanding is absent, organizations have been experiencing failures in the process of change. For this reason, the proposed research will be focusing on one of the major factors of organizational change, educational level of leadership, and subsequently, importance of educational and understanding level in the workforce as well (Williams et al, 2002). In specific, changes in organizations are observable in various forms, such as technological change, structural change, strategic change, and thus, these initiatives require a huge amount of effort for the success; however, lack of importance of educational level results in contrary results. In this regard, proposed research will be an attempt to identify and analyze different processes and procedures associated with the organizational change that will provide benefic ial outcomes to the business community. In addition, it is an observation that due to such a significant importance of organizational change, leaders do not only have the responsibility of carrying out the process of change in an organized manner. However, at the same time, they should continue the process of evaluation of management competency, and in other words, educational level of leadership, as well as the workforce that will be crucial to the success of changes in the organization (Poole, 2000). For this purpose, a primary area of focus for this research will be the relationship of an educated workforce from not only a competitive perspective for the organization, but also for those who find themselves on the receiving end of changes to their workplace. In addition, many leaders find themselves working with nothing more than a conceptualization of what the reorganizational development will look like, to developing and refining the concept into a plan of action and implementation. Moreover, leaders and managers expe rienced with organizational change may find it surprising of the failure rate of organizations that undertake change initiatives involving restructuring and reengineering efforts. ‘It is surprising that as much as eighty percent of organizations that undertake change initiatives fail at meeting their objectives’ (Black & Gregersen, 2008). This number is quite stunning. The challenge; however, is in determining reasons for this â€Å"failure† that will be the major part of the proposed research. In specific, without a solid foundation in understanding the approaches and ways of planning and analysis of change, and understanding application of the change-theory to an organization that is undergoing change, failure is a likely outcome (Williams et al, 2002). Thus, as with a company’s infrastructure involving its employees’ day-to-day function within its operations, and its relationship to competitiveness and profitability, a connection will be possible to the same employees and their educational level with their ability to work within the same constructs then add into the equation change